WHO: Replacing Sodium with Potassium Salt may prevent Hypertension and Heart Attacks
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently recommended replacing regular table salt, which is primarily sodium chloride, with potassium-enriched salt substitutes as a strategy to prevent hypertension and reduce the risk of heart attacks. This recommendation is part of a broader initiative to address the global health challenges posed by high sodium intake and low potassium intake, both of which are linked to elevated blood pressure and increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Key Findings from WHO’s Recommendation
Potassium-Enriched Salt Composition: The recommended salt substitute consists of 75% sodium chloride and 25% potassium chloride. This combination aims to lower sodium intake while increasing potassium consumption, which is crucial for maintaining healthy blood pressure levels.
Health Benefits: Research indicates that switching to potassium-enriched salt can significantly lower blood pressure. A systematic review of clinical trials found that this substitution reduced mean systolic blood pressure by approximately 4.61 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by about 1.61 mm Hg. Moreover, it was associated with an 11% reduction in major cardiovascular events and total mortality.
Global Impact: The WHO’s guidance is expected to have a substantial public health impact, potentially saving millions of lives by mitigating two major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases—high sodium and low potassium intake. The recommendation specifically targets discretionary salt use, which refers to the salt added during cooking or at the table.
Clinical Guidelines Update: In alignment with WHO’s stance, the European Society of Cardiology has updated its hypertension guidelines to advocate for potassium-enriched salt as a key non-pharmacological approach for managing high blood pressure.
While the WHO emphasizes the benefits of potassium-enriched salt, it also advises caution for individuals with certain health conditions, such as advanced kidney disease or those taking potassium-sparing diuretics, who should consult healthcare professionals before making dietary changes.
The shift towards using potassium-enriched salt substitutes represents a promising strategy in the global effort to combat hypertension and related cardiovascular issues.
